On 1 January 2024, foreign citizens and stateless people made up 9.8%^* of the people living in Portugal, against 9.6%^* across the EU — the 12th highest share of the 27 EU states that publish it.

The largest single foreign citizenship among residents is Brazil: 355,601 people on 1 January 2024.

In 2023, 189,367 people moved to Portugal and 33,666 left: a difference of 155,701^*, more arrivals than departures.

Citizens and foreigners

Residents of Portugal on 1 January 2024, by the citizenship they hold. Every line is a separate figure Eurostat publishes; the site adds none of them together.

Residents of Portugal by citizenship, 1 January 2024
Citizenship	People	Share of residents
All residents	10,639,726	—
Foreign citizens and stateless peopleOne group Eurostat publishes, shown beside the lines below	1,045,398	9.8%^*
Citizens of Portugal	9,594,328	90.2%^*
Citizens of other EU countries	179,276	1.7%^*
Citizens of countries outside the EU	866,111	8.1%^*
Stateless people	11	<0.01%^*
Citizenship not stated	0	0.00%^*

Against the other EU states

Foreign citizens and stateless people as a share of residents on 1 January 2024, for the states ranked next to Portugal. Only states that publish both figures that year are ranked.

Foreign-citizen share, Portugal and the states ranked next to it, 1 January 2024
Rank	Country	Foreign citizens and stateless people, share of residents
10	Latvia	12.8%^*
11	Denmark	10.9%^*
12	Portugal	9.8%^*
13	Slovenia	9.6%^*
14	Italy	8.9%^*
—	European Union (27, from 2020) (reference, not ranked)	9.6%^*

Largest foreign citizenships

Residents of Portugal by individual citizenship on 1 January 2024, the ten largest of the 197 citizenships Eurostat publishes. This is the citizenship people hold, not where they were born and not their ethnicity.

Ten largest foreign citizenships among residents of Portugal, 1 January 2024
Rank	Citizenship	People	Share of residents
1	Brazil	355,601	3.34%^*
2	Ukraine	69,754	0.66%^*
3	Angola	53,655	0.50%^*
4	United Kingdom	46,341	0.44%^*
5	Cabo Verde	45,462	0.43%^*
6	India	42,960	0.40%^*
7	Italy	35,823	0.34%^*
8	Guinea-Bissau	30,829	0.29%^*
9	Nepal	28,914	0.27%^*
10	France	26,983	0.25%^*

Country of birth

Residents of Portugal by where they were born, on 1 January 2024. This is a different question from citizenship: someone born abroad may hold Portugal's citizenship, and someone born in Portugal may not.

Residents of Portugal by country of birth, 1 January 2024
Country of birth	People	Share of residents
All residents	10,639,726	—
Born in Portugal	8,935,878	84.0%^*
Born in another country	1,703,848	16.0%^*
Born in another EU country	380,312	3.6%^*
Born outside the EU	1,323,536	12.4%^*
Country of birth not stated	0	0.00%^*

Arrivals and departures

People who moved to or left Portugal during each calendar year, as reported to Eurostat. Arrivals and departures are separate published figures; the difference is the site's subtraction of the two for the same year.

Arrivals, departures and their difference, Portugal, 2023 and earlier years
Year	Arrived	Left	Arrived minus left
2023	189,367	33,666	155,701^*
2022	167,098	30,954	136,144^*
2021	97,119	25,079	72,040^*
2020	83,654	25,886	57,768^*
2019	95,382	28,219	67,163^*
2018	55,357	31,600	23,757^*

By citizenship, 2023

Arrivals and departures by the citizenship of the person moving. Each line is a separate published figure; none is added to another.

Arrivals and departures by citizenship, Portugal, 2023
Citizenship	Arrived	Left
Citizens of Portugal	56,111	29,600
Citizens of other EU countries	15,208	2,284
Citizens of countries outside the EU	118,048	1,782
Stateless people	0	0
Citizenship not stated	0	0

How to read these figures

Citizenship is the legal bond between a person and a state. Country of birth is where a person was born. They are different facts and different tables, and neither records ethnicity, origin or descent.
Residents counted at 1 January are a stock; arrivals and departures are events during a calendar year. A flow is never a change in a stock, and the two are not divided by each other here.
Eurostat takes each country’s own statistics. Countries differ in who counts as an arrival or a resident, so comparisons between countries are approximate.

Cyprus, covered in full

Cyprus is the one country this site covers in full, down to its districts. Its immigration page is the deepest example of what a country page can hold.

Keep reading

Modification notice and disclaimer

The counts on this page are published by Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union) and are reproduced unchanged. Humanity Observatory has additionally derived the following from them:

A share of residents, computed by dividing one published count by another from the same table, country and date (for example foreign citizens by all residents).
A country's rank among the EU states for its foreign-citizen share, computed by sorting the published figures of the states that publish both counts for the year.
The difference between published immigration and published emigration for the same country and year (arrivals minus departures). It is a subtraction of two published figures, not a net-migration figure published by Eurostat.
The ten largest individual citizenships, selected by sorting the published figures for the latest year in which most countries are published.

Source: Eurostat. Reuse terms.

^* Calculated by Humanity Observatory from published figures.

Where these numbers come from → Compare the foreign-citizen share across countries →