Sources behind published figures

Datasets used on the site

These are the datasets behind published figures. Search a publisher, subject, year or table code, or narrow the list by subject. Open a dataset page for the publisher’s full table.

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Showing 42 of 42 datasets

geography · United Nations Statistics Division

UNSD Standard Country or Area Codes (M49) — geographic area list

Table M49

Coverage: Years current standard · Geography country and area.

How to read it: Identity reference only: this list carries no statistical values. It lets us check the country codes and names we assign to CYSTAT's country categories against an independent official UN list of M49 codes. The list includes regional aggregates as well as countries; only entries we map explicitly are used.

Measures: M49 area code · official UN area name
Updates: irregular
Reuse: UN terms of use — reproduction permitted with attribution · Attribution required
Data format: json · downloadable file
Last checked: 2026-08-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

geography · United Nations Statistics Division

UNSD SDG API GeoArea/Tree — world → region → subregion → country parentage

Table M49-TREE

Coverage: Years current standard · Geography world, 5 continents, subregions, an intermediate-region tier on some branches, and 263 country-type leaves (fetched 2026-10-09).

How to read it: Identity reference only: the UN M49 region and country tree carries no statistical values. It supplies which region and subregion each country belongs to.

Measures: M49 area code · official UN area name · node type (Region/Country) · parentage via nesting
Updates: irregular
Reuse: UN terms of use — reproduction permitted with attribution · Attribution required
Data format: json · downloadable file
Last checked: 2026-10-09

Publisher table Data access endpoint

geography · geoBoundaries (William & Mary geoLab)

geoBoundaries Open (gbOpen) — Cyprus ADM1 administrative boundaries

Table CYP-ADM1

Coverage: Years boundary year represented 2017; build 2023-12-12 · Geography admin1 (6 districts).

How to read it: Derived from OpenStreetMap, not from the Cyprus Department of Lands and Surveys, so district outlines are indicative rather than cadastral. It includes all six historic districts including Keryneia; CYSTAT statistics cover only the five districts in the government-controlled area (and parts of Ammochostos and Lefkosia). Boundary geometry and statistical coverage therefore do NOT align, and the map must say so.

Measures: district
Updates: irregular (versioned releases)
Reuse: Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0 · Attribution required
Data format: geojson · downloadable file
Last checked: 2026-08-23

Publisher table Data access endpoint

population · Statistical Service of Cyprus

Population Enumerated by Citizenship Group, Sex, District and Municipality/Community, 1.10.2021

Table 1891213E

Coverage: Years 2021 (census reference moment 1 October 2021) · Geography country, admin1 (district), admin2 (municipality/community) — 402 units.

How to read it: Census of Population and Housing 2021, reference moment 1 October 2021. Enumerated population (de facto), which is NOT the same concept as the annual de jure population series (table 1820010E) and the two must not be charted on one axis. Coverage is the government-controlled area only: there is no Keryneia district and the Ammochostos and Lefkosia district figures exclude the areas not under the effective control of the Government of the Republic. CYSTAT footnote on this table: the category "Cypriots" also includes persons who declared Cypriot as their SECOND citizenship. "Citizenship group" is legal citizenship only — it says nothing about country of birth, ethnicity, religion or migration history.

Measures: geography · citizenship group · sex
Updates: decennial (census)
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-08-23

Publisher table Data access endpoint

population · Statistical Service of Cyprus

End of the Year De Jure Population by District (Urban/Rural Areas), Annual

Table 1820055E

Coverage: Years 1992-2024 (33 years) · Geography country + admin1 (5 districts), urban/rural split.

How to read it: De jure (usual resident) population at 31 December, a different concept from the census enumerated population in table 1891213E: the two are separate measures and are never charted on one axis. Published in thousands to one decimal place, so the finest distinction it can express is 100 persons; stored as published. CYSTAT notes that figures may not add to the total because of rounding, and that demographic statistics were revised for 2012-2022 on the final results of the 2021 Census. Coverage is the government-controlled area only, so there is no Keryneia district. The district codes in this table (1 Lefkosia, 2 Ammochostos, 3 Larnaka, 4 Lemesos, 5 Pafos) differ from those in 1891213E.

Measures: year · district · urban/rural · number/percentage
Updates: annual
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-08-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

population · Statistical Service of Cyprus

Population Enumerated by Country of Birth, Sex, District and Urban/Rural Area, 1.10.2021

Table 1891210E

Coverage: Years 2021 (census reference moment 1 October 2021) · Geography country + admin1 (5 districts), urban/rural.

How to read it: Country of birth is a DIFFERENT dimension from citizenship, measured on a DIFFERENT codelist. A Cypriot citizen may be foreign-born and a foreign citizen may be Cyprus-born, and the two codelists here do not even use the same codes for the same country (birth code 6 is Germany; citizenship code 6 is Poland). They are separate concept schemes on separate observation columns so a page cannot conflate them. Naturalisation moves people between citizenship categories without changing country of birth. District codes follow the 1..5 scheme, not 1891213E's.

Measures: country of birth (71 categories: 66 individual countries, 3 groups, residual, not stated) · sex · district · urban/rural
Updates: decennial (census)
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-08-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

population · Statistical Service of Cyprus

Population Enumerated by Country of Citizenship, Sex and District, 1.10.2021

Table 1891221E

Coverage: Years 2021 (census reference moment 1 October 2021) · Geography country + admin1 (5 districts).

How to read it: Legal citizenship by individual country, the source behind the origin explorer. CYSTAT footnote: "Cypriots" also includes persons who declared Cypriot as their second citizenship. Counts for smaller citizenships in smaller districts fall into the low tens, so Humanity Observatory applies its own publication threshold on top of CYSTAT's disclosure control rather than showing every small group-by-place cell. District codes follow the 1 to 5 scheme, which differs from 1891213E's.

Measures: citizenship (65 categories: 60 individual countries, 3 groups, residual, not stated) · sex · district
Updates: decennial (census)
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-08-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

migration · Statistical Service of Cyprus

Migration Movements, Annual

Table 1840010E

Coverage: Years 1981-2024 · Geography country.

How to read it: Migration flow statistics rest on a 12-month intended-residence rule; flows are not directly comparable with stock figures from the census. Emigration is a generally under-recorded flow in EU population registers, Cyprus included, because someone who leaves without notifying the authorities is not counted as an emigrant.

Measures: year · immigrants · emigrants · net migration · sex (immigrants only)
Updates: annual
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-08-27

Publisher table Data access endpoint

migration · Statistical Service of Cyprus

Immigrants by Age, Sex, Citizenship, Country of Birth and Country of Previous Residence, Annual

Table 1840030E

Coverage: Years 2018-2024 (7 years) — not the full annual series · Geography country.

How to read it: Despite the title, this does NOT cross-tabulate citizenship, country of birth and country of previous residence — CYSTAT publishes ONE dimension of 9 categories stacking three ALTERNATIVE partitions that each sum independently to the annual total (citizenship 2,334+7,925+30,212; birth 2,758+7,406+30,307; previous residence 9,049+31,422; all equal 40,471 for 2024). Reading the axis as one cross-tab would triple-count: adding up the table's three views would publish three times the real figure. Covers 2018-2024 only, not the full migration series. Previous residence has no domestic ("from Cyprus") category — arriving from Cyprus is definitionally impossible for an immigrant, not missing data. The 2024 total matches 1840010E's immigration figure exactly.

Measures: year · age (5 bands: total, 0-19, 20-44, 45-64, 65+) · sex · ONE collapsed axis of 9 categories stacking three ALTERNATIVE partitions: total, citizenship group (Cypriots/EU/non-EU), country of birth group (Cyprus/EU/non-EU), country of previous residence group (EU/non-EU) — not six independent dimensions and no cross-tab between them
Updates: annual
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-08-27

Publisher table Data access endpoint

migration · Statistical Service of Cyprus

Emigrants by Citizenship and Country of Next Residence, Annual

Table 1840050E

Coverage: Years 2013-2024 (12 years) · Geography country.

How to read it: Same collapsed-axis shape as 1840030E, one size smaller: CYSTAT publishes ONE dimension of 6 categories stacking two ALTERNATIVE partitions that each sum independently to the annual total (citizenship 1,660+6,931+18,292; next residence 8,244+18,639; both equal 26,883 for 2024, matching 1840010E's emigration figure exactly). Reading the axis as one cross-tab would double-count. Covers 2013-2024. Emigration is also systematically under-recorded in most EU population registers, Cyprus included: someone who leaves without notifying the authorities is not counted as an emigrant.

Measures: year · ONE collapsed axis of 6 categories stacking two ALTERNATIVE partitions: total, citizenship group (Cypriot/EU/non-EU), country of next residence group (EU/non-EU) — no sex, no age, no cross-tab between the two partitions
Updates: annual
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-08-27

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Statistical Service of Cyprus

Average Monthly Earnings, Annual

Table 1110020E

Coverage: Years 2010-2025 (16 years) · Geography country (cyprus, no sub-national breakdown).

How to read it: Mean gross monthly earnings of all employees (full- and part-time), from Social Insurance records, government-controlled area, excluding employees paid below 50% of the minimum wage. This is the mean, not the median, so it is not comparable with the EU median hourly earnings series.

Measures: YEAR (2010-2025) · MEASURE (Mean - shown; Median - not shown) · SEX (Total, Males, Females)
Updates: annual
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Statistical Service of Cyprus

Average Monthly Earnings, Quarterly

Table 1110010E

Coverage: Years 2003Q1-2026Q1 (93 quarters), no gaps for the headline series (both sexes, unadjusted) · Geography country (cyprus, no sub-national breakdown).

Measures: QUARTER (93 codes, 2003Q1-2026Q1) · SEX (Total, Males, Females) · INDICATOR (Average monthly earnings — Unadjusted (EUR) - shown; Seasonally Adjusted (€), % change y/y, % change q/q seasonally adjusted - not shown)
Updates: quarterly
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Statistical Service of Cyprus

Average GROSS Monthly Earnings by NACE (Rev. 2) and Sex, Annual

Table 1110050E

Coverage: Years 2010-2024 (15 years) · Geography country (cyprus, no sub-national breakdown).

How to read it: Explicitly titled gross by CYSTAT, and the reference point for comparing the annual and quarterly earnings tables. Only the all-sectors total is shown.

Measures: YEAR (2010-2024) · economic activity (NACE Rev. 2 sectors): only the all-sectors total is shown · SEX (Total, Males, Females)
Updates: annual
Reuse: Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright". · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · PxWeb service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

social · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Trust in others by sex, age and educational attainment (EU-SILC)

Table ilc_pw03

Coverage: Years 2013, 2018, 2021-2025 (coverage varies by country) · Geography country (40 reporting geographies including eu aggregates).

How to read it: GENERALISED INTERPERSONAL TRUST — the average of self-reported answers on a 0-10 scale to a survey question about trust in other people, among respondents aged 16 and over. It measures a country average of a subjective self-report, NOT an objective property of a country and NOT a property of any individual. Cross-country differences in survey response style are a known confounder for scale questions of this kind, so small gaps between countries should not be read as real. Eurostat publishes no sample size on this table; the EU-SILC sample sizes are in the survey methodology. This is the sole cultural/social indicator ingested so far and is NOT combined into any similarity score.

Measures: year · country · sex · age · education level · domain
Updates: annual (from the EU-SILC well-being variables)
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-08-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

asylum · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Asylum applicants by type, citizenship, age and sex — annual aggregated data

Table migr_asyappctza

Coverage: Years 2008-2025, all 18 years populated for Cyprus · Geography country (queried for cyprus only).

How to read it: Counts application events, not people and not a stock: one person may lodge more than one application in a year, and the 9,185 applications in 2024 are a different measure from the 27,435 cases pending at the end of 2024. Applications are not decisions or recognitions, and are not temporary protection, which has a different legal basis (Cyprus's whole 2008-2025 Ukrainian applicant count here is 485, against a temporary-protection stock above 25,000). Every value is rounded to the nearest 5, so no published identity holds exactly and no figure should be derived from another by addition or subtraction. The origin is the Cyprus Asylum Service's own case-management system, transmitted to Eurostat under Regulation (EC) No 862/2007, the same origin as any Cypriot national figure and as the population UNHCR counts as resident in Cyprus; two of these are never presented as independent corroboration of each other. Cyprus totals: 2023 11,910; 2024 9,185 (first-time 6,750); 2025 4,610.

Measures: year (2008-2025) · citizenship — 206 codes published; 79 have non-zero values for Cyprus (75 individual countries plus total, non-EU27 total, stateless and unknown). The full list is kept so that a newly appearing country of origin is never dropped · applicant type — total, first-time and subsequent applicants. Total is not reliably first-time plus subsequent (2024: 6,750 + 1,895 = 8,645 against a published 9,185). Subsequent applicants are absent for Cyprus 2008-2020 and withheld under a reporting derogation 2021-2023, first published 2024/2025. Total can be smaller than first-time at cell level (Taiwan 2012: 0 against 30), which is not a rounding artefact. Shown as three separate series · age — total, under 14, 14-17, under 18 (an overlapping band equal to under 14 plus 14-17, never added to its parts or to the adult bands), 18-34, 35-64, 65 and over, unknown · sex — total, male, female, unknown. Total equals male plus female plus unknown exactly for Cyprus 2024
Updates: annual (a monthly series, migr_asyappctzm, also exists and is not used here)
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-08-28

Publisher table Data access endpoint

population · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Population on 1 January by age group, sex and citizenship

Table migr_pop1ctz

Coverage: Years 1998-2025 (varies by country) · Geography country (the 27 eu member states, one snapshot each, plus the eu27_2020 aggregate).

How to read it: De jure population stock at 1 January, as the reporting country supplies it to Eurostat: the figure is that country's own, published through Eurostat, so it is never independent corroboration of its national population series. It is a different concept from a census enumerated population and from an end-of-year series, with a different reference moment, so it is never charted on the same axis as either. Citizenship is published in broad groups: citizens of the reporting country, foreign and stateless citizens split into EU27 and non-EU27 foreign citizens, and a set of historical EU, EFTA and candidate-country aggregates, with individual foreign countries for some countries and years. The EFTA and candidate-country groups are subsets of non-EU27 foreign citizens, not additional parts, and are never summed into a total. The published parts match the total closely but not always exactly (EU27 2024: a residual of 83,822 people, an artefact of summing 27 national tables), so no reconciliation is asserted unless it is stated for a specific country.

Measures: year (1998-2025) · geo — the 27 EU member states and the EU27_2020 aggregate. The EU27 total is a supranational aggregate, not a country · citizenship — the 23 aggregate categories for the six-geography slice (Cyprus, EU27, Malta, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg). The other member states are loaded as per-country slices: the broad groups for every year plus, for the latest three reference years and only where Eurostat publishes them, individual foreign countries. Cyprus never breaks out an individual foreign country in this table in any year 1998-2025 · age band — 27 bands (21 disjoint 5-year bands, 4 overlapping broad bands, a total, and unknown) in the six-geography slice; total only in the per-country slices · sex — total only; not broken out by sex
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-08-28

Publisher table Data access endpoint

population · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Population on 1 January by age and sex

Table demo_pjan

Coverage: Years 1960-2025 · Geography country (queried for cyprus only).

How to read it: De jure stock at 1 January, republished by Eurostat from a CYSTAT submission, never independent corroboration of any other Cyprus figure. Cross-checked against Eurostat's population-by-citizenship table: both report Cyprus's 2024 total as 966,365, as expected since both republish the same CYSTAT stock. There is a methodological break between 1974 (637,800) and 1975 (505,700), a 20.7% single-year fall that is not a demographic event: from 1975 Cyprus figures cover the government-controlled area only, following the division of the island. No growth statement may span 1974 to 1975 without marking the break. This is also a different population concept from the 2021 census enumerated population (different reference moment), so the two are never charted on one axis.

Measures: year (1960-2025) · age — single years 0-99, an open 100-and-over band, a total and unknown: 102 age bands, all with values for Cyprus in 2025, for every sex. This is the finest age resolution held for Cyprus and the source for the population pyramid · sex — total, male, female
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-08-28

Publisher table Data access endpoint

migration · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

All valid permits by reason, length of validity and citizenship

Table migr_resvalid

Coverage: Years 2008-2025 · Geography country (queried for cyprus only).

How to read it: Counts valid residence permits, not people and not population. It is never called "population", "residents" or "migrants". It is a stock of permits valid at 31 December, held by third-country nationals only; EU/EEA citizens are absent by construction (they need no permit), so this table is never a complete count of foreign nationals in Cyprus and is never summed with, or presented as comparable to, a citizenship-population series. One person may hold successive permits across years, and a permit is not a person in residence. Republished by Eurostat from a CYSTAT submission, never independent corroboration of any other Cyprus figure. Cyprus 2024: total 162,221; United Kingdom 12,606; Ukraine 6,180; Belarus 2,861; India 11,283 (2025: 16,804); Moldova 891; Georgia 847.

Measures: year (2008-2025) · citizenship — 178 codes published for Cyprus, all with values in at least one year: 173 individual third-country citizenships plus British overseas territories, recognised non-citizens, stateless, total and unknown. No EU/EEA member-state citizenship appears at all, because EU/EEA citizens exercise free movement and hold no residence permit. Kosovo and Taiwan appear as citizenship codes but carry no ISO country code · reason — total only (not broken out by reason for permit) · duration — total only (not broken out by permit length)
Updates: annual, stock at 31 December
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-08-28

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

GDP — level (CP_MEUR) and real growth rate (CLV_PCH_PRE), EU27_2020 + 27 member states

Table nama_10_gdp

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus CP_MEUR 1975-2025 (51 years, zero gaps); CLV_PCH_PRE from 2011 (chain-linked growth needs a t-1 reference) · Geography eu27 total plus 27 member states.

How to read it: Two different measures come from this table: the level of GDP in current prices (million euro) and the real growth rate (percent change on the previous year). They are shown separately, never on one axis, and never combined with a per-capita figure. Republished national-accounts aggregates, not an independent Humanity Observatory calculation. The two most recent years (2024 and 2025) carry Eurostat's own provisional flag and may be revised.

Measures: geo (EU27 total plus 27 member states) · time · na_item fixed to B1GQ (GDP at market prices) · unit kept: CP_MEUR (current-price level) and CLV_PCH_PRE (real year-on-year growth, %) — shown as two separate series, never combined
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

GDP per capita — PPS level (CP_PPS_EU27_2020_HAB) and EU27=100 index (PC_EU27_2020_HAB_MPPS_CP), EU27_2020 + 27 member states

Table nama_10_pc

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 1995-2025 (31 years, zero gaps) for both units · Geography eu27 total plus 27 member states.

How to read it: Two different measures come from this table: GDP per head adjusted for purchasing power (a level) and an index with the EU27 average set to 100. They are shown separately and never combined. These figures are not comparable with World Bank GDP-per-capita figures, which use a different compilation method.

Measures: geo (EU27 total plus 27 member states) · time · na_item fixed to B1GQ · unit kept: CP_PPS_EU27_2020_HAB (PPS level) and PC_EU27_2020_HAB_MPPS_CP (EU27=100 index) — shown as two separate series, never combined
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Statutory minimum wage, semi-annual (EUR + PPS)

Table earn_mw_cur

Coverage: Years as published per country, up to the latest published half-year; Cyprus from 2023-S1 (first value €940) · Geography country (22 of the 27 eu member states, one snapshot each; eurostat publishes nothing for austria, denmark, finland, italy and sweden).

How to read it: A half-year with no published value is a gap: not zero and not suppressed, because the country had no statutory minimum wage in that period or Eurostat has not published it. Some values carry a Eurostat missing-or-estimated flag, so not every value is equally firm.

Measures: time (half-years) · currency (EUR, PPS kept — NAC dropped, NAC=EUR for euro-area countries)
Updates: semi-annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Median hourly earnings by sex, Structure of Earnings Survey (pre-aggregated), EU27_2020 + 27 member states

Table earn_ses_pub2s

Coverage: Years survey years 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018, 2022 (each held for all 28 geographies) · Geography eu27 total plus 27 member states.

How to read it: This is the median, not the mean, of hourly earnings, so it is never labelled "average earnings". It covers enterprises with 10 or more employees only, which excludes the smallest firms.

Measures: geo (EU27 total plus 27 member states) · time (5 SES survey years) · sex (T, M, F) · sizeclas fixed to GE10 (enterprises with 10+ employees) · unit fixed to EUR
Updates: every 4 years (Structure of Earnings Survey cadence)
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Net earnings by household type (estruct=NET only), Cyprus

Table earn_nt_net

Coverage: Years 2000-2025 (26 years) for Cyprus · Geography cyprus only.

How to read it: Only net earnings (after tax and social contributions) are shown. The table also publishes gross earnings, tax, social contributions and family benefits, which are parts of one calculation and are not added together. Eurostat flags a break in series in 2024, so the 2024 values are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Each household case is its own series.

Measures: ecase (13 household compositions, e.g. single-no-children at 50/67/80/100/125/167% of average wage, couples with children at various dual-earner splits) — all are shown, each as its own series · time (2000-2025) · currency fixed to EUR · estruct fixed to NET (the headline take-home figure; TOTAL/GRS/TAX/SOC/FAM are a decomposition partition of NET and are not shown alongside it — never sum a partition with its own total)
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income, EU27_2020 + 27 member states

Table ilc_di12

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 2014-2025 (12 years, zero gaps, zero flags) — shorter than the full EU-SILC series · Geography eu27 total plus 27 member states.

How to read it: The total population and under-18s (child Gini) are two separate groups, not parts of one another.

Measures: geo (EU27 total plus 27 member states) · time · age (TOTAL, Y_LT18 — a DIFFERENT subpopulation, never summed against TOTAL) · statinfo fixed to GINI_HND
Updates: annual (EU-SILC)
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

S80/S20 income quintile share ratio, EU27_2020 + 27 member states

Table ilc_di11

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 2003-2025 (23 years) · Geography eu27 total plus 27 member states.

How to read it: Where Eurostat flags a break in series, the line is not continuous across it. The age groups here are a clean split (under 65 plus 65 and over equals the total) but are still shown as separate series rather than derived from each other.

Measures: geo (EU27 total plus 27 member states) · time · age (TOTAL, Y_LT65, Y_GE65 — a clean, non-overlapping partition) · sex (T, M, F) · unit fixed to RAT
Updates: annual (EU-SILC)
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

At-risk-of-poverty rate (headline: median-anchored, 60% threshold), curated age bands

Table ilc_li02

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 2005-2025 · Geography country (the 27 eu member states, one snapshot each).

How to read it: The headline at-risk-of-poverty rate uses the standard EU definition: 60% of median equivalised income, as a percentage of the population. Eurostat publishes 31 other variants of this table; they are not comparable with the headline figure and are not presented as if they were. Age bands overlap in the source, so only a small non-overlapping set is shown.

Measures: age — 33 codes published, heavily overlapping (Y15-24 inside Y_GE16 inside TOTAL); curated to a small non-overlapping set · sex (T, M, F) · statinfo fixed to MED_EI (median-anchored — the headline EU indicator; MEAN_EI is a different methodological choice, not included) · unit fixed to PC (percent) · rskpovth fixed to B_60 (below 60% of the anchor — "the" at-risk-of-poverty rate; the other 7 threshold codes are sensitivity variants, not included)
Updates: annual (EU-SILC)
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

AROPE — at risk of poverty or social exclusion, curated age bands

Table ilc_peps01n

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 2015-2025 (11 years) — AROPE is a Europe-2020-era indicator, starts later than the poverty-rate series · Geography country (the 27 eu member states, one snapshot each).

How to read it: The at-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion (AROPE) rate combines three conditions into one headline share: at risk of poverty, severe material and social deprivation, or living in a household with very low work intensity. It cannot be broken down from this table and must not be treated as the sum of the at-risk-of-poverty rate and other indicators. Only a limited set of age groups is shown.

Measures: age — 34 published bands, heavily overlapping; a small non-overlapping set is shown · sex (T, M, F) · unit fixed to PC (percent)
Updates: annual (EU-SILC)
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Mean and median equivalised disposable income, curated age bands (EUR + PPS)

Table ilc_di03

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 2005-2025 · Geography country (the 27 eu member states, one snapshot each).

How to read it: Mean and median income are separate series and are never combined. The at-risk-of-poverty threshold is itself anchored to the median series here, so the two are not independent corroboration of each other.

Measures: age (25 published bands, overlapping; a small non-overlapping set is shown) · sex (T, M, F) · unit (EUR and PPS kept; NAC, national currency, is not fetched) · statinfo kept: MEAN_EI and MED_EI — shown as two separate series; mean and median are never combined
Updates: annual (EU-SILC)
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Unemployment rate (% of active population) by age and sex, EU27_2020 + 27 member states, curated ages

Table une_rt_a

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 2003-2025 (23 years, zero gaps) · Geography eu27 total plus 27 member states.

How to read it: Ages 15-74 are the full working-age range for this measure; 15-24 and 55-74 are sub-ranges of it and are never added to it. A value Eurostat flags as low reliability is flagged, not removed.

Measures: geo (EU27 total plus 27 member states) · time · sex (T, M, F) · age — 15-74 (headline, the full labour-force age range), 15-24 (youth) and 55-74 (older workers). 15-24 and 55-74 are sub-ranges of 15-74, so the three are never added together; four other overlapping bands are not shown · unit fixed to PC_ACT (percent of the labour-force population — the standard "unemployment rate"; PC_POP is a different, less standard denominator, not shown)
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Employment rate (Y20-64)

Table lfsi_emp_a

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 2003-2025 (23 years, zero gaps) · Geography country (the 27 eu member states, one snapshot each).

How to read it: Employment rate for ages 20-64, as a percentage of the population. This is a different concept from the activity rate and from an absolute count of employed people; neither is shown.

Measures: time · sex (T, M, F) · age 20-64 (the EU's own "Europe 2020" headline employment-rate band; 5 other overlapping bands are not shown) · indic_em fixed to EMP_LFS (employed population — a different concept from ACT, active population, not shown) · unit fixed to PC_POP (percent of population — "employment rate"; THS_PER, an absolute count, not shown)
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Employment rate by citizenship (Y20-64), Cyprus only

Table lfsa_ergan

Coverage: Years 1995-2025 for Cyprus (31 years) · Geography cyprus only.

How to read it: The citizenship groups are not additive. EU-foreign and non-EU-foreign are disjoint subsets of all foreign citizens, natives plus foreign citizens make the total, and the EFTA and candidate-country groups are subsets of non-EU-foreign, not extra groups; a group is never summed with its own aggregate. The citizenship categories here belong to this table and must not be matched to those in the population-by-citizenship data by code alone. Shown for Cyprus only, as the gap between native, EU-foreign and non-EU-foreign employment rates.

Measures: time · sex (T, M, F) · citizenship groups: total, nationals, foreign, EU27 foreign, non-EU27 foreign, EFTA foreign, candidate-country foreign, stateless and not reported. The EFTA and candidate-country groups are subsets of non-EU27 foreign, not extra groups · age 20-64 (the one EU-headline band this table reports on) · unit fixed to PC (percent)
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

HICP annual % change, headline + 4 curated COICOP divisions, EU27_2020 + 27 member states

Table prc_hicp_aind

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 1996-2025 (30 years) · Geography eu27 total plus 27 member states.

How to read it: Annual percentage change only; the index level is a separate measure and is not shown. Where Eurostat flags a value as low reliability or as a break in series, the flag is kept and the line is not continuous across a break. Only five of the 467 spending categories are shown, deliberately.

Measures: geo (EU27 total plus 27 member states) · time · spending categories: 5 of 467 published — all items (the headline inflation measure), food, housing and utilities, energy, transport · unit fixed to RCH_A_AVG (annual % change — the "inflation rate"; the index level and the cross-country contribution to the euro-area differential are not shown)
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

House price index — 2015=100 level and annual % change, all dwellings

Table prc_hpi_a

Coverage: Years as published per country; Cyprus 2005-2025 (21 years) for both units · Geography country (26 of the 27 eu member states, one snapshot each; eurostat publishes nothing for greece).

How to read it: The house price index level and its annual rate of change are separate series and are never combined.

Measures: time · purchase fixed to TOTAL (the aggregate of DW_NEW/DW_EXST, a partition — never sum alongside its parts) · unit kept: I15_A_AVG (2015=100 index level) and RCH_A_AVG (annual % change) — shown as two separate series, never combined
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-09-24

Publisher table Data access endpoint

migration · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth

Table migr_pop3ctb

Coverage: Years 1998-2025 (varies by country) · Geography country (one request per eu member state; cyprus is served from cystat and not fetched from this table).

How to read it: COUNTRY OF BIRTH, NOT CITIZENSHIP. A person born abroad who holds the reporting country's citizenship is foreign-born here and a citizen in migr_pop1ctz; a person born in the country to foreign parents is the reverse. The two concepts are never interchanged or subtracted. Stock at 1 January, de jure residents. FOR is the foreign-born total; EU27_2020_FOR and NEU27_2020_FOR split it (Germany 2024: 6,347,951 + 10,533,372 = 16,881,323). Not every country reports every year.

Measures: year (1998-2025) · country of birth — 307 codes published; six requested: total, reporting country (NAT), foreign country (FOR), other EU27 member states (EU27_2020_FOR), countries outside the EU27 (NEU27_2020_FOR) and unknown · sex — total only; age — total only
Updates: annual
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-10-09

Publisher table Data access endpoint

migration · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Immigration by age group, sex and citizenship

Table migr_imm1ctz

Coverage: Years 1998-2024 (varies by country) · Geography country (one request per eu member state; cyprus is served from cystat and not fetched from this table).

How to read it: Persons who moved during the calendar year, as the reporting country defines them: definitions of who counts as an immigrant/emigrant, the minimum length of stay and the registration source differ by country, so flows are not strictly comparable across countries and are never a population stock. The citizenship groups are as published: FOR_STLS = EU27_2020_FOR + NEU27_2020_FOR + STLS and NAT + FOR_STLS + UNK = TOTAL (checked on Germany 2024); no group is summed on the site. Net migration on the site is a labelled difference of the two published totals, not a Eurostat figure.

Measures: year (1998-2024) · citizenship — 289 codes published; seven broad groups requested: total, reporting-country citizens, foreign and stateless, EU27 foreign, non-EU27 foreign, stateless and unknown · age definition — COMPLET (age reached during the year; REACH is identical at age TOTAL); sex — total only; age — total only
Updates: annual, flow during the calendar year
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-10-09

Publisher table Data access endpoint

migration · Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union)

Emigration by age group, sex and citizenship

Table migr_emi1ctz

Coverage: Years 1998-2024 (varies by country) · Geography country (one request per eu member state; cyprus is served from cystat and not fetched from this table).

Measures: year (1998-2024) · citizenship — 282 codes published; seven broad groups requested: total, reporting-country citizens, foreign and stateless, EU27 foreign, non-EU27 foreign, stateless and unknown · age definition — COMPLET; sex — total only; age — total only
Updates: annual, flow during the calendar year
Reuse: Eurostat reuse policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) — free reuse with source acknowledgement · Attribution required
Data format: json-stat2 · Eurostat data service
Last checked: 2026-10-09

Publisher table Data access endpoint

population · World Bank — World Development Indicators

Population, total

Table SP.POP.TOTL

Coverage: Years 1960-2025 (full history) · Geography country (217 non-aggregate wdi rows, fetched 2026-10-09).

How to read it: Most countries' population figures come from the UN Population Division's World Population Prospects and are republished by the World Bank: they are modelled estimates, not census counts.

Measures: country · time
Updates: annual
Reuse: CC BY 4.0 · Attribution required
Data format: json · downloadable file
Last checked: 2026-10-09

Publisher table Data access endpoint

migration · World Bank — World Development Indicators

Net migration

Table SM.POP.NETM

Coverage: Years 1960–2025 (full history kept — trend/movers is exactly what this indicator is for) · Geography country (217 non-aggregate wdi rows, fetched 2026-10-09).

How to read it: A model estimate (population change minus natural increase), not a directly observed count of migrants. It is comparable in sign and rough magnitude across countries, but not to the person-level precision of the Eurostat figures used elsewhere on this site. It measures net migration flow, a different concept from citizenship or country of birth. Negative values are valid net emigration, not errors.

Measures: country · time
Updates: annual (this pull shows a distinct value per year through 2025; WDI has historically republished UN DESA WPP's 5-year period totals for this indicator)
Reuse: CC BY 4.0 · Attribution required
Data format: json · downloadable file
Last checked: 2026-10-09

Publisher table Data access endpoint

population · World Bank — World Development Indicators

Life expectancy at birth, total

Table SP.DYN.LE00.IN

Coverage: Years 1960–2024 (full history kept) · Geography country (217 non-aggregate wdi rows, fetched 2026-10-09).

How to read it: From the UN Population Division's World Population Prospects, republished by the World Bank: a modelled estimate, not a vital-registration count for every country.

Measures: country · time
Updates: annual
Reuse: CC BY 4.0 · Attribution required
Data format: json · downloadable file
Last checked: 2026-10-09

Publisher table Data access endpoint

economy · World Bank — World Development Indicators

GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)

Table NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD

Coverage: Years 1990–2025 (full history kept) · Geography country (217 non-aggregate wdi rows; gdp is null for 32 of them in 2025, 31 of the 216 loaded; fetched 2026-10-09).

How to read it: Purchasing-power-adjusted series only, not current US dollars, which are sensitive to exchange rates. Values are missing (not zero) for 32 of 217 countries in 2025 (31 of the 216 loaded), mostly small or conflict-affected states.

Measures: country · time
Updates: annual
Reuse: CC BY 4.0 · Attribution required
Data format: json · downloadable file
Last checked: 2026-10-09

Publisher table Data access endpoint

geography · World Bank — World Development Indicators

World Bank country and aggregate list (WDI /v2/country)

Table WDI-COUNTRY

Coverage: Years current list · Geography 217 countries and 79 aggregate pseudo-countries (fetched 2026-10-09).

How to read it: Identity reference only: this list carries no statistical values. It is what tells a real country from a regional or income-group aggregate in the World Bank indicator data.

Measures: country (ISO3 as published by WDI) · region · income level · lending type
Updates: irregular (the World Bank adds aggregate codes over time)
Reuse: CC BY 4.0 · Attribution required
Data format: json · downloadable file
Last checked: 2026-10-09

Publisher table Data access endpoint

How to read a source

Start with the place, period and measure listed under coverage. The publisher table is the original release; a data-access link appears when one is recorded. “How to read it” carries the dataset’s known limits. Reuse terms explain attribution or modification notices that apply to figures shown here. Only datasets already used by published figures appear here.

Sources and methods by country

A country page brings together topic definitions and limitations with the sources behind those pages. Cyprus is the only country with a dedicated page at present.

Sources & methods — Cyprus

Reuse terms and attribution

These summaries describe the permissions recorded for the publisher. Follow the linked terms for the complete conditions; a required credit or notice remains visible with the related figure.

Statistical Service of Cyprus Reuse terms

Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged on republication. CYSTAT retains the intellectual property. CYSTAT Dissemination Policy s2.4 "Availability and Copyright".

Not granted: Reuse of microdata (confidential and non-confidential), personal data, tailor-made data, logos, trademarks, and material whose intellectual property rights are held by third parties is NOT permitted. Humanity Observatory ingests only aggregate tables published on the CYSTAT web portal, so none of these apply — but any future request for a custom extract would fall outside this grant.

Modified figures need a notice and disclaimer.

Credit used: Source: Statistical Service of Cyprus (CYSTAT).

Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union) Reuse terms

Free reuse for commercial and non-commercial purposes with source acknowledgement, under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU on the reuse of Commission documents.

Not granted: Does not extend to material where third parties hold the rights, or to the EU emblem.

Credit used: Source: Eurostat.

United Nations Statistics Division Reuse terms

UN material may be reproduced with attribution.

Credit used: Area codes and names: UN Statistics Division (M49).

geoBoundaries (William & Mary geoLab) Reuse terms

Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0: share, adapt and use commercially, with attribution and share-alike on derived databases.

Not granted: Share-alike: a database derived from these boundaries must be offered under ODbL. Applies to the geometry only, not to the statistics rendered on it.

Credit used: Boundaries: geoBoundaries (gbOpen), ODbL 1.0, from OpenStreetMap.

World Bank — World Development Indicators Reuse terms

CC BY 4.0 — free reuse for any purpose with attribution.

Not granted: May not state or imply World Bank endorsement of any derived product, and may not use the World Bank name or logo to imply endorsement.

Credit used: Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators.

Correction, 24 August 2026. An earlier version recorded CYSTAT’s terms as “not stated”. Its Dissemination Policy section 2.4 and the CYSTAT portal publish reuse terms; the summary above follows those documents.